Python Fundamentals

CONTENT

1. Introducing Python
2. Python 2 Versus Python 3
3. Working with the Python Interactive Shell
4.Exercise 1: Checking our Python InstallationExercise 2: Working with the 4.1. Python Interpreter

5. Activity 1: Working with the Python Shell
5.1. Writing and Running Simple Scripts
5.2. Exercise 3: Creating a Script
5.3. Running a File Containing Invalid Commands
5.4. Exercise 4: Passing User Arguments to Scripts

6. Activity 2: Running Simple Python Scripts
6.1. Python Syntax
6.2. Variables
6.3. Values
6.4. Exercise 5: Checking the Type of a Value
6.5. Type Conversion
6.6. Exercise 6: Assigning Variables
6.7. Exercise 7: Using Variables
6.8. Multiple Assignment

7. Activity 3: Using Variables and Assign Statements
7.1. Naming Identifiers and Reserved Words
7.2. Exercise 8: Python Keywords

8. Activity 4: Variable Assignment and Variable Naming Conventions
8.1. User Input, Comments, and Indentations
8.2. User Input from the Keyboard
8.3. Passing in a Prompt to the input Function
8.4. Using Different Input Data Types in your Program
8.5. Exercise 9: Fetching and Using User Input
8.6. Comments
8.7. Indentation
8.8. Exercise 10: The Importance of Proper Indentation

9. Activity 5: Fixing Indentations in a Code Block

10. Activity 6: Implementing User Input and Comments in a Script
10.1. Summary
10.2. Data Types
10.3. Introduction
10.4. Numerical Data
10.5. Types of Numbers
10.6. Exercise 11: Converting Between Different Types of Number
10.7. Systems
10.8. Operators

11. Activity 7: Order of Operations

12. Activity 8: Using Different Arithmetic Operators
12.1. Strings
12.2. String Operations and Methods
12.3. Indexing
12.4. Slicing

13. Activity 9: String Slicing
13.1. Length
13.2. String Formatting
13.3. String Methods

14. Activity 10: Working with Strings
14.1. Escape Sequences
14.2. Exercise 12: Using Escape Sequences

15. Activity 11: Manipulating Strings
15.1. Lists
15.2. List Operations
15.3. Exercise 13: List References

16. Activity 12: Working with Lists
16.1. BooleansComparison Operators
16.2. Logical Operators
16.3. Membership Operators

17. Activity 13: Using Boolean Operators
17.1. Summary
17.2. Control Statements
17.3. Introduction
17.4. Control Statements
17.5. Program Flow
17.6. Control Statement
17.7. The if Statement
17.8. Exercise 14: Using the if Statement

18. Activity 14: Working with the if Statement
18.1. The while Statement
18.2. Exercise 15: Using the while Statement
18.3. Exercise 16: Using while to Keep a Program Running

19. Activity 15: Working with the while Statement
19.1. while Versus if
19.2. LoopsThe for Loop
19.3. Exercise 17: Using the for Loop
19.4. Using else
19.5. The range Function

20. Activity 16: The for loop and the range Function
20.1. Nesting Loops
20.2. Exercise 18: Using Nested Loops

21. Activity 17: Nested Loops
21.1. Breaking Out of Loops
21.2. The break Statement
21.3. The continue Statement
21.4. The pass Statement

22. Activity 18: Breaking out of Loops
22.1. Summary
22.2. Functions
22.3. Introduction
22.4. Built-In Functions
22.5. User-Defined Functions
22.6. Calling a FunctionGlobal and Local Variables
22.7. Exercise 19: Defining Global and Local Variables
22.8. Function Return
22.9. Using main()
22.10. Function Arguments
22.11. Required Arguments
22.12. Keyword Arguments
22.13. Default Arguments
22.14. Variable Number of Arguments

23. Activity 19: Function Arguments
23.1. nonymous Functions

24. Exercise 20: Creating a Lambda Function
24.1. Activity 20: Using Lambda Functions
24.2. Summary
24.3. Lists and Tuples
24.4. Introduction
24.5. List Syntax
24.6. List Methods
24.7. list.append(item)list.extend(iterable)
24.8. list.insert(index, item)
24.9. list.remove(item)
24.10. list.pop([index])
24.11. list.clear()
24.12. list.index(item [, start [, end]])
24.13. list.count(item)
24.14. list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)
24.15. list.reverse()
24.16. list.copy()

25. Activity 21: Using the List Methods
25.1. List Comprehensions
25.2. Tuple Syntax
25.3. Exercise 21: Creating a Tuple
25.4. Accessing Tuple Elements
25.5. Indexing
25.6. Exercise 22: Accessing Tuple Elements Using Indexing
25.7. Slicing
25.8. Exercise 21: Creating a TupleAccessing Tuple Elements
25.9. Indexing
25.10. Exercise 23: Accessing Tuple Elements Using Slicing
25.11. Tuple Methods

26. Activity 22: Using Tuple Methods
26.1. Summary
26.2. Dictionaries and Sets
26.3. Introduction
26.4. Working with Dictionaries

27. Activity 23: Creating a Dictionary
27.1. Exercise 24: Adding Data to a Dictionary
27.2. Exercise 25: Reading Data from a Dictionary
27.3. Exercise 26: Iterating Through Dictionaries
27.4. Checking for the Existence of Particular Keys
27.5. Additional Dictionary Attributes

28. Activity 24: Arranging and Presenting Data Using Dictionaries
28.1. Ordered Dictionaries

29. Activity 25: Combining Dictionaries
29.1. The Basics of Sets
29.2. Exercise 27: Creating Sets
29.3. Exercise 28: Adding Data to a Set
29.4. Exercise 29: Reading Data from a Set

30. Activity 26: Building a Set
30.1. Exercise 30: Removing Data from a Set
30.2. Set Operations
30.3. Union
30.4. Intersection
30.5. Difference
30.6. Subsets
30.7. Equality
30.8. Update Methods

31. Activity 27: Creating Unions of Elements in a Collection
31.1. Summary
31.2. Object-Oriented Programming
31.3. Introduction
31.4. A First Look at OOP
31.5. OOP in Python
31.6. Defining a Class in Python
31.7. Exercise 31: Creating a Class
31.8. Instantiating an Object
31.9. Exercise 32: Instantiating a Person Object
31.10. Adding Attributes to an Object
31.11. The __init__ Method
31.12. Exercise 33: Adding Attributes to a Class

32. Activity 28: Defining a Class and Objects
32.1. Methods in a Class
32.2. Defining Methods in a Class
32.3. Exercise 34: Creating a Method for our Class
32.4. Passing Arguments to Instance Methods
32.5. Exercise 35: Passing Arguments to Instance MethodsExercise 36: Setting Instance Attributes within Instance Methods

33. Activity 29: Defining Methods in a Class
33.1. Class Versus Instance Attributes
33.2. Exercise 37: Declaring a Class with Instance Attributes
33.3. Class Attributes
33.4. Exercise 38: Extending our Class with Class Attributes
33.5. Exercise 39: Implementing a Counter for Instances of a Class

34. Activity 30: Creating Class Attributes
34.1. Class Versus Instance Methods
34.2. Exercise 40: Creating Instance Methods
34.3. Class Methods
34.4. Exercise 41: Testing our Factory Method
34.5. Exercise 42: Accessing Class Attributes from within Class Methods
34.6. Encapsulation and Information Hiding

35. Activity 31: Creating Class Methods and Using Information Hiding
35.1. Class Inheritance
35.2. Exercise 43: Implementing Class Inheritance
35.3. Overriding __init__()
35.4. Exercise 44: Overriding the __init__ Method to Add an AttributeCommonly Overridden Methods

36. Activity 32: Overriding Methods
36.1. Multiple Inheritance
36.2. Exercise 45: Implementing Multiple Inheritance

37. Activity 33: Practicing Multiple Inheritance
37.1. Summary
37.2. Modules, Packages, and File Operations
37.3. Introduction
37.4. Defining Modules
37.5. Exercise 46: Creating Modules
37.6. Imports and Import Statements
37.7. Exercise 47: Importing Modules
37.8. Modules and Packages
37.9. The Module Search Path
37.10. Standard Python Modules

38. Activity 34: Inspecting Modules
38.1. Packages
38.2. Absolute Imports

39. Relative ImportsActivity 35: Listing the Resources Defined in a Package or Module

40. Activity 36: Using Resources in a Module
40.1. File Operations
40.2. The file Object
40.3. The file Object Methods
40.4. Reading and Writing to Files
40.5. The open() Method
40.6. Exercise 48: Creating, Reading, and Writing to Files
40.7. The with Context Manager

41. Activity 37: Performing File Operations
41.1. Handling Structured Data
41.2. Working with CSV Data

42. Activity 38: Working with Files
42.1. Working with JSON Data
42.2. Summary
42.3. Error Handling
42.4. Introduction
42.5. Errors and Exceptions in Python
42.6. How to Raise ExceptionsBuilt-In Exceptions
42.7. SyntaxError
42.8. ImportError
42.9. KeyError
42.10. TypeError
42.11. AttributeError
42.12. IndexError
42.13. NameError
42.14. FileNotFoundError

43. Activity 39: Identifying Error Scenarios
43.1. Handling Errors and Exceptions
43.1. Exercise 49: Implementing the try…except Block
43.1. Exercise 50: Implementing the try…except…else Block
43.1. Exercise 51: Implementing the finally Keyword

44. Activity 40: Handling Errors
44.1. Custom Exceptions
44.2. Implementing Your Own Exception Class

45. Activity 41: Creating Your Own Custom Exception Class